SOB(super Optimal Broth) Medium

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Application	The medium is used for the cultivation of E. coli, and for the preparation and transformation of competent cells to enhance transformation efficiency (Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual / Hanahan, D. (1983). Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids. Journal of Molecular Biology, 166(4), 557–580).Ideal for recovering electrocompetent or chemically competent cells after transformation.
Preparation	Suspend 28.0 g in 1 L of purified water. Heat with frequent agitation and boil to completely dissolve the powder. Autoclave at 121°C for 20 minutes.
Principle	Tryptone and yeast extract supply essential nutrients for cell growth. Sodium chloride maintains osmotic balance. Magnesium sulfate provides Mg²+ to enhance membrane permeability, stabilize the membrane, and improve E. coli transformation efficiency. Potassium chloride offers K+, which supports enzyme activity and intracellular metabolism.
Formula	Formula(1L)	Amount（g/L）
	Tryptone	20
	Yeast Extract	5
	Sodium Chloride	0.5
	Potassium Chloride	0.186
	Magnesium Sulfate	2.4
	pH (25℃)	7.0 ±0.2

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